k':ts ;ldIff M
uf]/vf etL{ / j]nfotL nfx'/]sf] syf
8f=x'daxfb'/ u'?ª
g]kfnsf] kxf8L If]q tyf 8fF8fsfF8fx?df uf]/vf elt{sf] ;kgf
af]s]sf o'jfx?n] kN6g]x?af6 nfx'/af6 kms]{kl5 cfkmGtx?nfO{ km';{bsf] a]nf df}lvs syf ;'gfpg] k|rng em08} b'O{;o jif{ eO{ ;s]sf] 5
. nfx'/] lhjgdf ef]u]sf b'Mv ;'v clg n8fO{sf] j]nf ef]u]sf syfx? /f]rs kf/fn]
e'tk'j{ uf]vf{nLx?n] ufFp3/df cfˆgf ;fyLefO{ tyf kl/jf/nfO{ ;'gfpg] syfx?sf] ;]t'sf
?kdf d'Vo kfq kbdaxfb'/ u'?Ën] ef]u]sf nfx'/] lhjgnfO{ s]Gb| ljGb' agfO{ tLg
jif{sf] cg';Gwfg / kl/>daf6 em08} b'O ;o jif{ klxn] b]lv ef]u]sf] s'/f hLjGt?kdf n]vs emns
;'j]bLn]] Ps dxTjk'0f{ s[lt{ tof/ u/]sf 5g\ …lj|l6; ;fd|fHosf g]kfnL df]x/fM
uf]/vfetL{sf] gfnLj]nL .Ú
k':ts ælj|l6; ;fd|fHosf g]kfnL
df]x/fM uf]/vfetL{sf] gfnLj]nLÆ df rng rNtLdf k|of]u gx'g] …df]x/fÚ zAbsf] cy{ ær];sf]
uf]6LÆ a'e\mg eg] kf7snfO{ sl7g x'g]5 . n]vs emns ;'j]bLn] g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 nfx'/]
;+:s[lt af/] cfh ;Dd ;'g]sf / b]v]sf s'/f afx]s cg';Gwfgsf] ulx/fO{ af6 g]kfnL ;dfhn] clxn] ;Dd g;'g]sf s'/fx? 5nf{Ë kf/]sf 5g\ .
nfx'/] ;+:s[ltjf6 dVv ePsf uf]vf{nL tyf g]kfnLx?nfO{ la|l6; ;fd|fHosf lsNnfx?
hf]ufpg ;+;f/sf] ljleGg b]zx?df cu|kGQmLdf n8]sf nfx'/]x?sf] syfx? k9\bf
;fFlRrs} efjljxf]/ agfp+5 .
df}lvs Oltxf;df l;ldt uf]vf{nLx?sf]
syfnfO{ Ps u}/ nfx'/] n]vsn] d]xgtsf ;fy
cg';Gwfg ubf{ ljleGg ljlwx? ckgfP/ of] k':ts dflysf] ljZjf;lgotf a9fPsf] 5 .
n]vsn] cg';Gwfgsf ljlwaf/] df}lvs Oltxf; cGtjftf{ (Oral
History Interview)_ k|ToIf cjnf]sg (Participant Observation_ / P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]hx? (Historical Documents) cWofg ul/ syfsf] ulx/fOdf k'u]sf] 5
. ulx/fO{df k'Ugs} nflu n]vsn] ljleGg nfx'/] j:tLx?sf ;fy} xªsË h:tf nfx'/]
hLjg ljtfPsf 7fFpx?df uO{ ;'Id cWoog ul/Psf]n] To;n] cem ljZjf;lgotf a9fPsf] 5
. tyflk o;af/] k'li6 ug{ c? ljlwx? gckgfOPsf] b]lvG5 .
o;f] x'g'df d'Voto Pshgf Joltmsf] hLjgdf cfwfl/t syf ePsf]n] x'g ;S5 . n]vsn]
cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf kfngf ug{'kg{] g}lts dfGotfx? (Ethical
Considerations_
;d]t Wofg lbO{ ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{sf] ;fy} sltko lglh dfldnfx?df cfFr cfpg
glbg ælk+sLÆ h:tf sfNklgs gfdx? /fv]/ cfˆgf] cg';Gwfgstf{sf] wd{ lgefPsf 5g\ .
ljifo j:t';Fu d]n vfg] sljtf, uLt tyf 7fFp7fFpdf u'?Ë efiff k|of]u ul/ n]vsn] nfx'/]
;d'bfosf kbdaxfb'/ u'?ËnfO{ k5fpFb} cg';Gwfgsf] ulx/fO{;Dd k'Ug] k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5
.
k':tsdf uf]/vfetL{sf] k|yf, uf]vf{nL
/fHosf] lj:tf/sf ;fy} cfw'lgs g]kfnL Oltxf; af/] rrf{ u/LPsf] 5 . g]kfn–cªu|]h
o'4 kl5 j]nfotL ;}lgsx?n] h:tf];'s} sl7gfO{Dff klg axfb'/Lsf ;fy n8\g ;Sg]
uf]vf{nLx?nfO{ la|l6; uf]/vfnfx'/] agfpg] cleofg rnfP kZrft uNnfjfnx?
ufFpufFpdf uO{ o'jfx?nfO{ kmsfO{ s}ofF} lbg lx8fP/ kSnLxfjfdf elt{ ug{ nfg]
k|yfsf] af/]df rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . j]nfot ;/sf/sf] o;/L elt{ u/fpg] k|yfx?nfO{
j}wflgstf lbg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ bjfa lbPsf] s'/f o; k':tsdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
uf]/vf kN6gx?sf] u7g, k'gu{7g /
lj36gn] ;do cg';f/ laleGg ?k lnof] . k':tsdf ;g\ !($& df ef/t / j]nfotsf jLr
ljefhg ul/Pkl5 j]nfotlt/ k'u]sf uf]vf{nLx?n] j]nfotL ;fd|fHojfbsf] gLlt cg';f/
hfkfg, OG8f]g]lzof, dnfof nufot ljleGg b]zdf zq';Fu le8\g] sfd dfq gu/L
o'4aGbLsf] ?kdf ljtfPsf lbgx?sf] af/]df j]lnlj:tf/ ul/Psf 5g\ . dnfofsf] hFundf
kfPsf nfx'/]x?sf] b'Mv / lhjge/ nfx'/] >Ldfgsf] k|ltIffdf a:g] zflGtdfof
lnDa' h:tf nfx'/]gLsf] syfnfO{ pbfx/0f lbFb} xhf/Ff} nfx'/]gLx?n] ef]u]sf
lk8fnfO{ cgluGtL syfx?sf ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
k':tsdf nfx'/]x?n] SofDksf] hLjgdf
ljtfpg] lbgrof{ / tflndsf] ;dodf l/qm'6 clkm;/x?af6 vfOg] ufnLsf ;fy} 5'l§df
cfpFbf lxGb's/0fsf sf/0f aflx/ -ljb]z_ hfFbfsf] kfk s6fgL ækltofÆ ug{ ;ft lbg
;Dd klSnxjf a:g' kbf{ nfx/]x? xf]6njfnf
t?gLx?sf] hfndf km;]sf s'/fx? n]vs ;'j]bLn] slj e'lk z]/rgsf] æe}/xjfÆ zLif{s
sljtf;+u hf]8L /f]rstf yk]sf 5g\ . sltko nfx'/]x? j/flnP/
j]vrL{ eO{ 3/} guO{ kN6g kms]{sf syfx? k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .n]vsn] nfx'/]x?n]
cfˆgf] cd'No hLjg lj|l6;x?sf] ;fd|fHojfb lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf klxnf] / bf];|f]
ljZjo'4 tyf c? cg]s n8fO{x? ;s]kZrft rfx] kl5 af]nfpFnf eGb} l/8G8]G;L gLlt agfO{ l/Qf]
xft kmsf{OPsf] b'MvfGt syfx? klg k:s]sf 5g\ . nfx'/] hLjgsf] l/8G8]G;L / k]G;g kl5 sltn] cfˆg} ufFp7fFpdf
af+sL hLjg ljtfP eg] Tolx uf]vf{nLx?sf] axfb'/Lsf] sb/ ub]{ a'|gfOdf bf];|f]
sl/o/sf] ?kdf gofF cj;/ kfPsf] klg j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . a'|gfO{sf] ;'Ntfg lj?4sf]
ljb|f]xdf pq]sf zq'x?nfO{ k/f:t u/]afkt uf]/vfnfx'/]x?nfO{ dfof / ljZjf; ul/
a'|gfO{df ;]So'l/6L uf8{sf ?kdf sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ptf
j]nfotL nfx'/]x? eg] cfˆg} lhDd]jf/L akmfbf/Lsf ;fy kfng ub}{ kmsNof08 b]lv
xjfO{;Dd s'zntf k'j{s n8fO{ nl8g} /fv] . t/ sltko gofF nfx'/]x?nfO{ clkm;/x?n]
u/]sf] ufnL un}h c;Xo eP/ clkm;/x?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] ;d]t pNn]v 5 . o;af6 s]xL] ;f]emf uf]vf{nLx?n] hflu/af6
xft w'g k/]sf s'/fklg v'nf;f u/]sf 5g\ .
of] k':tssf] csf{] dxTjk'0f{ kIf
eg]sf] nfx'/]sf dlxnf ;b:ofx?n] ef]u]sf hLjg / pgLx?sf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ef]u]sf
;fdflhs lk8f klg xf] . Pp6f cleefjsn] lbg'kg]{ dfof ddtf / x]/rfxsf] cefjdf
s;/L 3/af/ lau|G5 eGg] s'/f n]vsn] sfNklgs gfdx? /fv]/ nfx'/] ;dfhsf] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ .
t/ nfx'/] kl/jf/x?n] klg /fd|f] lzIff lbIff kfP/ cfh ;+;f/sf] ljleGg b]zdf
/fd|f sfdx? ul/ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sdfO/x]sf] rrf{ eg] sd} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vsn] uf]vf{nLx?nfO{ lj|l6;
;/sf/jf6 ePsf] cGofo lj?4 @) jif{ b]lv uf]/vf e'tk'j{ ;}lgs ;ª3 -u];f]_n] ul/
cfPsf] ;ª3if{sf] ;kmntfnfO{ klg ;d]6]sf 5g\ . j]nfotsf] pRr cbfntdf ;fj{hlgs
dxTjsf] k|:tfj dfly 5nkmn ePkl5 k|:tfjsf] kIfdf ax'dt k'u]kl5 uf]vf{nLx?n]
lhtsf] dxz'; u/]sf] s'/f klg pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . u];f]n] uf]/vfnfx'/]x?sf] o;
;+3if{df ;zQm 9Ën] ;fy lbg] lj|l6; cleg]qL hf]cfgf n'Dn]sf] gfddf sf:sL /
:ofªhfsf] l;dfgfdf æhf]cfgf n'Dn] Eo' 6fp/Æ g} :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . k':ts k9\b}
hfFbf kbdaxfb'/ u'?Ë Ps l;kfxL dfq xf]Og Ps k|v/ ;fdflhs cu'jf tYff g]tf ePsf]
emns kfO{G5 . pgn] cfdf z'ef u'?ª;]gL / kl/jf/sf] nflu slxn] ;do
lgsfn]gg\ . vfnL uf]vf{nLx?sf] ;fdflhs Gofosf] nflu ;+3if{ u/]/ hLjge/
ef}tfl//x] .
n]vsn] uf]/vfetL{{ af/]sf]
ljjfbaf/] klg n]vfhf]vf u/]sf 5g\ . nfx'/]x? 5'§Ldf cfpFbf b]vfpg] ;fg / nfx'/]
geP kl5 9fqm]sf] ljNnf le/]/ ;dfhdf afFRg' kg]{ hLjg / afWotf klg rf;f]sf]
ljifo 5 . To;}n] klg x'g ;S5 hghflt ;d'bfodf lj|l6; nfx'/] x'g dl/xQ] ug]{
k/Dk/f cem} klg 5 . nfx'/] k|yf l7s jf j]l7s eGg]df vf;} 7f]s'jf gug'{df
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhlglt k|ltsf] ljt[i0ffn] klg xf] . To;}n] x'g ;S5 zlQmdf
gx'Fbf uf]/vfetL{ af/] h] h:tf] af]n] klg g/xFbf o; af/] df}g /xG5g\ . lsgeg]
;/sf/n] b]zdf /f]huf/sf] cj;/x? lbnfpg] s'g} tTsflng jf bL3{sflng cj;/x? lbnfpg ;s]sf 5}gg .
k':tssf] k|:t'lts/0f k/Dk/fut
z}nLs} 5 . o;nfO{ s]xL P]ltxfl;s kmf]6f]x?, plxn]sf nfx'/]x? lx8\g] af6fx? /
n]vsn] ofqf u/]sf 7fFpx? gS;fdf ptf/]sf eP k|:t'ltsf sf/0f kf7sx?sf]
dg tfGg cem 6]jf k'Ug ;SYof] xf]nf . n]vsn] k':tsdf y'k|} ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? pNn]v
u/] klg l;ldt ;fdfu|L dfq ;dfj]z ul/ cGo dxTjk'0f{ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? 5'§fPsf 5g\ .
cg';GBfgsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 pgn] x]nr]s|fO{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cGtdf
of] k':ts kbdaxfb'/ u'?Ësf] hLjgsf] z]/f]km]/f]df a'lgPsf] x'Fbf pxfFs} lhjgL
xf] ls eGg] efg klg x'G5 . pxfFs} lhjgL g} k':tssf] lzif{s eP cem pQd / Gofo
;+ut x'GYof] ls < k':tsnfO{ c+u|hLdf cg'jfb ul/ k|sfzg ul/Pdf u}/ g]kfnL
kf7s / g]kfnL efiff ljl;{b} uPsf e'tk'j{ uf]/vf;}lgssf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] klg cfˆgf
k'vf{x?sf] P]ltxfl;s syf k9\g cj;/ kfpg] lyP .
No comments:
Post a Comment